Surface finishing is a key process in the world of manufacturing. It is used to refine or improve objects. Adding a specially designed finish to the surface can enhance existing desirable attributes and/or add new ones.
There are a significant number of techniques when it comes to surface treatments. These can be broken down into four main categories: mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electric-based.
Mechanical techniques include sanding, grinding, and polishing. These are used to achieve smooth and/or shiny finishes. Sanding is used in woodwork and wooden furniture production, whilst polishing is used on cars.
Chemical techniques alter the surface properties using chemical reactions. One common example is anodising, which is used on aluminium surfaces.
Thermal techniques use a controlled heating and cooling process to modify the surface. This also includes flame spraying. Steel is the best example of this – it is heated and then cooled in order to change the hardness and strength and enhance durability and wear resistance. Flame spraying can be used to add a thin layer of stainless steel onto a carbon pipe, boosting its corrosion resistance.
Electric-based techniques such as electroplating utilise electric currents to deposit a thin layer onto the surface. This can enhance the appearance and functional properties. Examples include gold plating of electrical contacts and chrome plating of exterior car parts.
What properties can be added?
Various techniques are able to add several different desirable properties. These can be categorised as aesthetic, functional and protective.
Surface finishing is a way of making an item look ‘better’. This can improve brand image and customer satisfaction. For example, car manufacturers use polishing to achieve an attractive glossy finish.
Surface treatments like coating and plating can enhance functionality and performance. They can improve wear resistance, reduce friction and optimise surface performance.
Finally, surface treatments such as anodising and coating or plating can provide significant protection against corrosion, abrasion, rust and environmental factors. This helps to ensure longevity and reliability.
In conclusion, surface treatments play a significant role in the manufacturing sector. They can boost product quality, performance and appearance.
